Wine

Random labels: the Figeac ’83 was not my granny’s legacy bottle, but a subsequent purchase.

My friend Rob and I wanted to try the famous wines, the ones that always seem unjustifiably expensive. Could they really be that much better than our regular, affordable, choices? When our consultant posts separated us by a few hundred miles we decided to each put £5 a month into a wine fund. It was a light financial burden that would allow us to have special wines, with a meal, every year or two. Once the pot had built up, Rob went to his wine merchant in Colchester and asked them if they had anything interesting. In that way we were able to indulge in some spectacular bottles.

My early experience of wine was nil. My whole family were very presbyterian. My father was even an elder of the Kirk. He hardly drank alcohol at all, but he had a very sweet tooth. When he did have a drink he liked Harvey’s Bristol Cream Sherry, Asti Spumante or a Sauterne called La Flora Blanche. I had tried the sweet Italian fizz, but never the Sauterne. Out for a meal with my then girlfriend and her parents, her father asked me if I had any thoughts on the wine list. The only thought I had was that I recognised the name La Flora Blanche there. I said my father liked it, so a bottle was ordered. Of course it was unbearably sweet and totally unsuitable for drinking with the main course. I was embarrassed.

When my grandmother died, her flat in Ayr was cleared. Like my parents, my grandparents almost never took a drink; my granny’s brother and father having been rather too fond of the stuff. She was always exhorting my mother not to let us have strong drink in case we, ‘got a taste for it.’ Like my parents, they would perhaps risk a sherry at Christmas.

In Granny’s posthumous sideboard were some bottles of wine she’d been given as presents but never consumed. I inherited a bottle of champagne and a bottle of a red wine called Chateau Figeac. Both bottles had been left upright and ignored for years. The vintage of the red was sometime in the sixties; 1962 I think. Some years after acquiring this legacy I chilled the champagne and opened it, only to find the cork had shrunk and the wine was flat. By that time I did know a little bit about wines and the major grape varieties. I knew that fresh air was bad for reds. I reckoned that the Figeac, having been stored in the same way, would be a treacherous bottle to serve to guests and left it in the cupboard under the stairs for a few more years.

My brother came to stay with us while he was between properties. One night, the three of us got carry-out pizzas for supper and I discovered we had run out of our usual red. My eye lit on the Figeac. Here was a chance to try it without fear of letting any dinner guests down – so I opened it. The cork was tight and smelled lovely. I tasted the wine, and it too was lovely. The three of us drank it, reverentially, around the coffee table, over our pizzas. At the time, it was the best red wine I had ever drunk. It was a lesson learned. I checked online while I was writing this piece and the current price quoted for a bottle of 1962 Figeac is £273.

Rob set about doing wine and restaurants with the same enthusiasm and dedication he had brought to fell running, top level chess, military history, castles, birdwatching, abstract expressionism – and medicine. He discovered a restaurant-with-rooms in Kingussie called The Cross, run by Tony and Ruth Hadley.

The restaurant was housed in a charming Victorian shop on the High Street. In the front was seating for pre-dinner drinks around an open fire. The tables were in the rear. Ruth, impossibly, cooked in a tiny galley-type kitchen buried in the depths of the building. The food and accommodation were ridiculously good and ridiculously cheap, although prices rose as the rave reviews and awards followed. At the outset, Rob could save up for a visit by putting his loose change in a jar every day. It was the most fun you could have over a weekend. We went as often as we could, frequently with friends. The scent of birch logs in the air on an autumn afternoon, as we parked the car across the street and checked in, acted as a Pavlovian appetiser. Ruth cooked brilliantly while Tony did front-of-house and the wine. After a marvellous meal, all you had to do was find your bedroom.

I still have the menus, but the food is a topic for another time. The way the Hadleys ran The Cross was very onerous. In addition to the main event of the evening, they did breakfasts every morning. Every year they took a month off to visit their beloved France, recharge their enthusiasm and find new ideas. That is, they did until France restarted nuclear testing in the Pacific. That did it for Tony. To the amazement of national restaurant critics, he stopped buying French wines completely. ‘They aren’t testing their weapons in Entre-Deux-Mers or the Loire,’ he declared.

Rob would pass me his Hugh Johnson Pocket Wine Book annually when he bought a new one, but it was at the Cross that we did our serious wine research. Tony was happy to help out. He once gave us a vertical tasting of three vintages of the New Zealand super star, Cloudy Bay. At the time, some considered it the best Sauvignon blanc in the world. The wines were all gorgeous, and subtly different in character. In 2003 Cloudy Bay was acquired by the champagne house Veuve Clicquot, who increased production and, in my opinion, decreased the quality. I think it is now over-priced for what it is and trading on its illustrious name. We also learned that kicking off an evening with a bottle of methode champenoise between four of us before the meal was perhaps a mistake. On one notable occasion the fizz was a Jansz from Tasmania. By the time we negotiated a ‘flat white’ with the early courses and arrived at the red wine, our powers of discrimination were markedly impaired.

The trouble with wines is that they are consumer goods. You can keep them in a collection like stamps or coins but basically you ought to drink them. Like burning a Picasso, once it’s gone it’s gone, and all you have left is a fading memory. And like twitching, it’s an evanescent pleasure; intense but transient. You can of course keep the labels – like taking photos of a rare bird – but these are just mementos. For a while, we soaked these stylish bits of paper off our favourite bottles, and after a debate about who should have them, stuck them in albums or, in my case, a collage. Chateau Mouton Rothschild would commission famous artists to do their labels which changed with the vintage. Curiously, the labels from the better vintages are less collectible than the poorer years. This is because the less desirable years get drunk quickly and so those labels become rarer. Rob kept the Marc Chagall label from our bottle of Mouton Rothschild 1970.

There is a modest, but excellent, Turkish restaurant near us in Edinburgh which has two framed collections of labels from some of the world’s most famous wines. Wines like Mouton Rothschild, Petrus, Chateau Latour and d’Yquem. I asked the owner and chef, Gursil, where he got them and, rather indignantly, he said, ‘I’ve drunk them all!’ Astonished, I cautiously asked how he could possibly have afforded them. He said he had been a chef in top restaurants in London for many years. High net worth diners would order the most expensive wines on the list as a demonstration of their spending power but frequently left them unfinished!

Other memorable wines from the days of the old rugged Cross included a Tollot Beaut from Chorey-Les-Beaune, a great vintage, of which we eventually finished all the examples in Tony’s cellar. Later we bought other vintages of the same wine but they were never as good. Tony said new, stricter, regulations had been introduced under the appellation d’origines contrôlée (AOC) system which outlawed blending in any grapes from outwith Burgundy. Apparently in the past you could augment your wine with imported grapes from other areas of France, like Bordeaux. The net result of these new restrictions was a thinner, rather disappointing wine.

There was also a stunning Macon Villages Cuvée Botrytis dessert wine. Burgundy is not noted for its sweet wines but in certain years, when the conditions are right, grey botrytis (pourriture noble, or the ‘noble rot’) attacks the Chardonnay grapes. It extracts the water and pushes up the sugar content. In Italian vin santo, the sugar content is increased simply by drying the grapes, while the French sweet wine grapes are actually mouldy. Fermentation proceeds to its maximum, the point where the alcohol content stops the yeast growing, leaving much of the sugar unconsumed. The result is the exquisite sweetness with autumnal ‘fungal’ overtones that make these wines so interesting. Tony told us a tale about the owner of the vineyard concerned. Having found that his grapes had become infected during wet autumn weather, he phoned a pal of his in Sauternes to ask for advice. The pal came to his rescue and they made a unique sweet wine. Researching this phenomenon online, it seems a Cuvée Botrytis is actually a rare, but nevertheless regular, occurrence in the Maconnais.

There is mystery about wine and its country of origin. Wines drunk in situ, where they are produced, always taste better. Chianti Classico, Barbera d’Asti, Barberesco, Altesino and Brunello di Montalcino all taste fabulous in Italy – but when you get home, and buy the same wine in the UK, it never reaches those heights. Is it the weather, or the atmosphere, or do they simply keep the best grapes for themselves? The same is true of the more humble French Rosés. When on holiday in blazing hot Provence they are unbeatable and indispensable. Drunk cold on a chilly June afternoon in Edinburgh they often just make you shudder.

In Edinburgh, our favourite restaurant was Daniel Wencker’s L’Auberge in St Mary’s Street. It is now David Bann’s vegetarian establishment. Before we had children we often went for lunch on a Saturday followed by a pleasantly enhanced shopping trip. As regulars we were known to the staff and I was once asked to minister to one of the trainee chefs who had collapsed in the kitchen.

One day, our waiter came to our table and said, ‘Dr Stevenson, would you know the playwright Arthur Miller if you saw him?’ It was then that I realised that the distinguished-looking, and strangely familiar, man at the next table was Miller. At that time, a season of his plays was running at the Lyceum and Kenny Ireland had taken him and his partner out for lunch. Years later I discovered he had been put up in my cousin’s flat in Northumberland Street which she rented out through the Scottish Arts Council.

At L’Auberge we usually started with a half-bottle of a particular Chablis to accompany the starters. One day, when I asked if we could have it, the waiter said, ‘No you can’t.’ Puzzled, I asked, ‘Why not?’ ‘Because you’ve drunk them all,’ he replied.

The special Rob and Allan Wine Fund trundled along in a satisfactory way but more widely-spaced visits resulted in even greater sums accumulating in the account. We splashed out on increasingly expensive and illustrious stuff. Great white Burgundy, classic Bordeaux reds, stunning Australian reds (like Penfold’s Grange; the bouquet could be detected all the way across the room), and fabulous pudding wines. We had Chateau Gilette (aged in concrete vats), a Chateau Rieussec, and a half bottle of d’Yquem which cost us £61 in the Nineties.

Eventually, children and work commitments made further oenological experiments impractical and reluctantly we wound up the account. Our final round of bottles was the best we could remember and the realisation that we just wanted to repeat those choices next time told us we had reached the end of a very pleasant road. Our final red was from California, a Ridge Monte Bello ’78. This was actually the best red I have ever drunk, better than the Figeac.

It was a great regret that on our trip to Califiornia we weren’t able to fit in a trip to Ridge Vineyards, perched on the Monte Bello Ridge south of San Francisco. In any case, I would have had to drive down there, rendering the visit pointless. Rob’s sister lived in San Francisco for a while and joined the Ridge tasting programme. The vineyard organised vertical tastings of their wines, including the Monte Bello, for their members. These were accompanied by live jazz and a paella cooked en plein air. Rob has been to one of those.

One of the drawbacks of taking a pretentious interest in wine is that kind people inevitably give you special bottles. I usually write the name of the donor on the label, then carefully put it in a rack on the bottom shelf of the dining room cupboard for later consumption, meanwhile carrying on with the usual Cavas, New Zealand Sauvignon Blancs, Riojas and good Italians. Every now and then I might push the boat out and have a Royal Tokaj with dessert.

The wines in this ‘too good to drink cupboard’ have been neglected for fear of another Figeac incident. I have now decided this has to stop. Along with my sense of smell, my palate is definitely deteriorating and those two abilities are inextricably linked. Like me, some of the wines have started fading with age and the fear is that a few may have gone over completely. Therefore, they must be drunk – and we must be drunk – before it’s too late.

Wichita Lineman

Glen Campbell publicity still.

Last Friday I went to a concert at the Queen’s Hall in Edinburgh. The legend that is Jimmy Webb was telling anecdotes from his remarkable song-writing career and singing some of his hits. The support was Ashley Campbell, Glen Campbell’s daughter. At the age of 75, the targets he set for his voice were ambitious, and the once dazzling keyboard technique faltered at times, but he was still great. The complexity of his playing is more like a classical musician. He studied music in California, to the distress of his Baptist minister father. He wrote a musical in his sophomore year, then dropped out to become a huge success, winning a Grammy in 1968 aged 22 for By The Time I Get To Phoenix. He is nevertheless a genuine Oklahoma country boy who hoed and picked cotton, and loaded hay bales.

Webb told a great creation myth about Wichita Lineman (1968). Glen Campbell was agitating for a new song from him to follow up the success of By The Time I Get To Phoenix. Webb spent a few hours on an idea then sent it off, incomplete. It had no third verse. He heard nothing for a couple of weeks, then ran into Campbell at a recording studio. Webb eventually asked what he’d thought of the song and Campbell replied, ‘Oh, we cut that.’ ‘But it wasn’t finished!’ said Webb. ‘It is now,’ said Campbell.

I play Lineman on the piano – after a fashion – and sing along as best I can. No one can match Campbell’s fabulous tone and effortless five-octave range but it’s Webb’s chord changes and harmonies that are fascinating. It’s impossible to work out what key you are in – and in that sense it is similar to a classical work.

First we have to mention the bass intro. Carol Kaye was one of the Wrecking Crew group of session musicians as was Glen Campbell. Kaye’s background was in jazz. She and Campbell had played together on countless hits by other artists (California Dreamin’, These Boots Are Made for Walkin’, Be My Baby, The Beat Goes On, Good Vibrations). Glen Campbell even toured with the Beach Boys, replacing Brian Wilson when he was ‘indisposed.’ The Wrecking Crew all had jazz or classical music backgrounds and could (apart from Campbell) sight-read fluently. Kaye used a Fender but also had a distinctive six-string Danelectro bass guitar which Glen Campbell borrowed to play the guitar solo in Lineman. Kaye felt the number needed a strong opening and came up with the classic six-note figure that leads into the opening chords.

Those opening chords cycle between Fmaj7 and (the way I do it) Bb/C. Ah, one thinks, this song is going to be in F because we are switching between the I and V chords, which are the tonic and dominant chords of the key of F. Then the song begins: ‘I am a lineman for the county…‘ and suddenly we are in Bbmaj7. That’s OK, Bb is the IV chord of F, and we will surely soon be home. But then we move through Am to Gm, then Dm, Am, G and D and by the time we go ‘searching in the sun for another overload,’ it all becomes a bit uncertain. Are we in D now? The sheet music key signature is certainly the two sharps of D major.

The chorus follows the verse with more nice inversions. Inversions are chords that don’t have the root note on the bottom and are written with a ‘/’ before the alternative bottom note.

I hear you singing in the wire (Cmaj7), I can hear you through the whine (Gmaj7/B, Gm/Bb) and the Wichita Lineman (D/A, G/A) is still on the line…(Bb, C9).’ This is where Webb puts in the little morse code reference with a repeated high D when the lineman is, ‘still on the line.’ A normal song would now return to the key of D that we assume we are in – but instead we have Bb/C and we head off in the direction of F once more. The Campbell guitar solo over the verse leads us to another sung chorus (there is no third verse – it’s an unfinished song). The finale is a fade out on the Bb/C9 cycle with big strings and horns on top.

The miracle is how the melody flows naturally through these unusual chord changes without any tension. Lineman remarkable not only for the voicings and changes but for the depth of emotion expressed in the lyrics. Webb gives us a telegraph engineer with the soul of a poet.

The Colour-Blind Blues

Ishihara: It’s 74 – or is it 21 or nothing?

I am red-green colour-blind. I am a ‘deutan’ meaning I have deuteranomaly, the commonest form of the disorder, which affects about 8% of men of Northern European ancestry. Apparently this is because my green-sensitive retinal cones don’t work properly. It is all my mother’s fault – or even my grandmother’s fault. Like haemophilia, scourge of the Romanovs, colourblindness is an X-linked genetic disorder; meaning women are usually asymptomatic carriers, protected by their paired normal Xs, while men, with only a pathetic Y to pair up with their single X, have no such protection. There is some evidence that carrier women, expressing both the normal and abnormal Xs, have enhanced colour vision, known as tetrachromacy. Apparently they can see two different kinds of red. Trichromacy is normal colour vision.

If a woman carrying the gene has a child with a normal man, there is a 50% chance her sons will be colour-blind and a 50% chance any daughters will be carriers. My grandmother passed the abnormal X (X’) to my mother and also her son, my uncle, who was colour-blind. My mother passed her X’ on to two of her three sons; a run of bad luck in the family – but not as bad as haemophilia.

In the reverse situation, where the father is a sufferer (X’Y) and has children with a normal (XX) woman, all his daughters will be carriers, but his sons, to whom he gives his benign Y, will be normal. However, if a colour-blind man (X’Y) has a child with a carrier woman (X’X) there is a 50% chance their daughters will have two abnormal X chromosomes. This is the main reason 0.5% of women have the disorder, and it is usually in a profound form.

My parents (I say parents but I was raised by my mother, my father was always too busy to bother with us) twigged that something was amiss fairly early on. I seemed to be incapable of learning my colours properly. The school was onto it too and I was sent off to Ayr to be tested. I did the Ishihara tests like the one above – and I was all over the shop. I saw numbers that weren’t there and I couldn’t see the numbers that were there. By contrast, they told me I had done surprisingly well on the tests that required you to arrange little discs of colour in order as they went from one shade to another. They couldn’t explain this. They then gave me a list of occupations I was now debarred from; things like a commercial or military pilot, a pathologist or an officer above sergeant in the signals corps. I immediately developed a yearning to be any or all of those people. Doors had been closed to me at a very early age.

I am able to see some frequencies of red, so I do not live in an entirely drab world. Other shades of red just look dark green to me and spectacular rhododendrons with dark red flowers can look all-green. I sometimes have to look for the flowers as separate structures from the leaves. Problems also arise with colours that are mixtures of other colours, so that some purples look blue to me and browns look the same as green. The reds had dropped out of the mix.

In art classes at school I was careful to ask my nearest classmate to tell me which was the brown crayon and which the green. I carefully placed them on opposite sides of the desk so that my trees would look correct. We were once asked to do a design for wallpaper. I decided to go for a Chinese theme. The teacher came round the class looking at our efforts. When she came to me she said, ‘That’s very nice Allan, bit why have you plumped for such conventional colours? Why not have blue trees with yellow leaves?’

At secondary school my favourite teacher, Mr Harrison who taught biology, had monochrome vision. His abnormal X’ must have carried an extreme form of the condition. I remember him asking us why certain colours didn’t go together. He was unable to understand the concept.

Whenever the subject of my colourblindness cropped up, people always started pointing to various nearby objects and asking me what colour they looked to me. This became very tedious. I couldn’t think of a witty response that would get me out of answering them. From birth, I have had patches of white hair among the brown on the left side at the back of my head. This too became a subject for enquiry, so I started saying that my mother had been frightened by an Ayrshire cow when she was pregnant. Similarly, when challenged for smoking cigarettes as a medic I would look shocked and say, ‘They’re not bad for you, are they?’

There did not seem to be any advantages to my condition. Since I had some concept of normal vision, when shown shades of green or pink, I knew what they should look like and could switch my perception of them back and forth from green to pink depending on what people told me I was looking at. It’s not much of a trick – and one that is entirely in the eye of the beholder. These problems did not stop me painting but the results tended to look a bit odd to normal-sighted types.

I played cricket at school, a red ball on a green pitch, but I seemed to manage OK. Years later I read a paper about this. They looked at whether red-green colour blindness was a handicap to cricketers and found that there was a slight but definite preponderance of red-green colour-blindness among first class batsmen compared to the general population. Ian Botham, for example, is red-green colour-blind. It seems a fast-moving object is perceived in monochrome because the colour-sensitive cones in your retina don’t react quickly enough. It’s those monochrome rapid rods that see the ball coming. So why would a colour-blind person see the ball a bit better than a normal? Is it because they generally rely less on colour? There is also evidence that colour-blindness helps you identify camouflaged objects, perhaps because you depend more on pattern recognition than colour.

Even if I couldn’t fly a plane, I was allowed to drive. In some countries I wouldn’t be. Here there was a potential problem. Traffic lights and brake lights are quite important. It’s easy to learn that the red light is always at the top of traffic lights – and anyway it looks completely different to me from the whitish green light at the bottom. However, I don’t see much difference between red and amber. Similarly, with brake lights, they look the same shade as side lights and indicators to me. I have to specifically look for red stop lights and brake lights as they don’t really stand out to me among all the other street lights – especially on dark rainy nights.

I can hardly claim to be handicapped. Indeed, if colour-blindness was a significant detriment to sufferers we would eventually die out. Instead, it persists. Sickle cell trait confers protection against malaria, so perhaps colour-blind hunters were better at identifying hidden quarry. I do inhabit a drabber world than the rest of you, but I cannot do anything about that.

The special glasses that claim to restore your colour vision are negatively reviewed online and I haven’t bothered trying them. Wikipedia has a list of my illustrious fellow-sufferers:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_with_color_blindness